Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) is a microscopic single-celled parasite that can be of concern for pregnant women who own cats. Cats contract toxo from ingesting rodents/birds or raw meat. It is actually very easy to prevent your cat from contracting this by simply keeping them as indoor cats and avoid feeding raw meat by feeding them a commercial diet.
If your cat already has toxo, you may never know because the average cat does not have any symptoms. Only a cat that is already immunocompromised with a pre-existing disease will have symptoms such as: diarrhea, inappetence, lethargy or fever. Toxo is diagnosed by a blood test and is treated with antibiotics such as Clindamycin.
Humans often contract toxo from ingesting under cooked meat (mainly pork, lamb, venison or shellfish), contamination from improper washing of food/prep materials, or direct contact with contaminated cat feces. This is of greatest concern for pregnant woman as they can transmit this parasite to their unborn baby, which could cause birth defects. Healthy humans are usually asymptomatic as well, but in immunocompromised people, development of flu-like symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fever and muscle aches may occur. If left untreated, this can lead to organ damage. To be sure you do not contract toxo, cook all meat thoroughly, wash food/prep area properly, wear gloves while gardening (toxo can survive in the environment for months) and ensure your cats litter box is cleaned daily. For expecting mothers, you don’t have to worry about rehoming your cat because toxo is only released from your cat’s feces 1-3 weeks after contracting the parasite and the spores are only released directly from the feces after 1-5 days, so if you scoop daily, you’re most likely in the clear! As always wear gloves and wash your hands well afterwards. Ideally, refrain from getting a new cat while pregnant as this cat would come with an unknown history.